As growth occurs, similar activities stay in the same area and extendoutwards.Discuss: Concept of “environmental justice”.Why is lower-class residential where it is shown?.Which side is high-class residential? Why?.Carter (1995) Urban Geography 4th Edition. Does the “side” of town matter in Tucson?.Wedge-shaped land use zones: like pieces of pie.But important factor is not distance from CBD as in the concentric zone model, but direction away from CBD.He posited a CBD around which other land uses cluster.Based his model on a huge study of housing values in more than 100 cities.This model proposed by a land economist working for U.S.May have moved out from Zone 2 boarding houses as begin to assimilate, prosper, start families Important theoretical under-pinnings for this model provided by economists such as Alonso and Muth (who borrowed von Thunen’s ideas!) Single-family residences streetcar suburbs Model based on Chicago, so rings are only semi-circular due to Lake Michigan 1A CBD Proper 1B Fringe of CBD 2 Zone in Transition or ‘Gray Zone’ 3 Lower Income Housing 4 Higher Income Housing 5 Commuters’ Zone 4 3 2 Wholesaling, warehousing, truck & railroad depots >things that service CBD uses cannot afford extreme land values of CBD proper may need more land These uses haved moved out to circumpherential highways CBD = “Central Business District” In Chicago: “The Loop” Dept stores, office bldgs, banks, hotels, theaters > things that service entire metro area 1B 1A Mixed residential and commercial usesOlder residential area former homes of well-to-do have trickled down to low-income Businesses and light manufacturing, print shopsZone of slums, rooming houses, newly arrived immigrants Suburban areas containing satellite cities Burgess called this ring: “Zone of Independent Workers’ Housing”Industrial workers.Urban ecology: groups of people occupy over time different areas of the city like different plant species.New field in 1920s called human ecology based on ideas from biology such as: Geographically the city was visualized like 5 or 6 major rings, such as from a cross-section of a tree.Based on a study of land use patterns and social group dynamics in Chicago.Proposed by Burgess – A sociologist at the University of Chicago: 1925 book titled The City.Conceptual models~ideas about how a system functions Three classic conceptual urban models:.Analogue models~ transform some properties to simulate real system.Scale or “iconic” models~ English model village.A textbook definition: An idealized representation of a part of reality which is constructed so as to demonstrate certain of its properties.-Yeates and Garner, The North American Cityġ.What’s a model? Different kinds of models:.Best synonym: a model = “a representation”.8, 182-184 (Traditional Models) Optional: Phillips & LeGates Wheeler & Muller “It is a very fundamental principle, indeed, that knowledge is always gained by the orderly loss of information.” -Kenneth E. Geography/Planning 379 “Urban Growth & Development” Lecture 5: Urban Land Use Models What’s a Model? Concentric Zone Model (Burgess) Sector Model (Hoyt) Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman) Urban Realms Model (Vance aka “Pepperoni Pizza” Model) READING Required: Textbook, Ch.

Vance urban realms model